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The effect of altering teat
end vacuum levels on milking characteristics |
| The milking time of individual cows has a major
affect on output in milking sheds. The rate of milk extraction
depends on the average vacuum applied to the teat-end during the
milking phase of pulsation (b-phase). This vacuum level depends
on the degree of vacuum drop due to the components between the
vacuum pump and the teat-end. Most modern milking machines have
large-bore milk pipelines in which the vacuum losses are low.
The main vacuum losses occur from frictional losses and hydrostatic
effects in the connecting system from the teat to the milk pipeline
during milk flow. Under practical milking conditions these losses
are difficult to measure, as the flow through individual teats
is not known. O’ Callaghan (2001) developed a flow simulator
to record vacuum losses in commercial milking plants. With this
simulator, insertion of artificial teats into the liners simulated
the flow conditions from the teat and rate of water flow was controlled.
Flow simulation tests (O’Callaghan, 1997, 2003; O’Callaghan
and Gleeson, 1999, 2001 ) on a range of milking systems have shown
that the applied vacuum during milk flow can vary by up to 30%
depending on the configuration of the milking system.. There is
limited data on the effect of applying different levels of milking
vacuum on milking characteristics and particularly milking time.
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